ADD With Hyperactivity - ADHD
ADHD with hyperactivity is characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity which have an onset before age seven, which persist for at least six months, and which are not due primarily to other psychiatric disorders or environmental circumstance, such as reaction to family stresses.
ADD Without Hyperactivity
The primary characteristic of ADD without hyperactivity is significant inattentiveness. Studies of children with this diagnosis indicate that they show more signs of anxiety and learning problems, and qualitatively different inattention. Although there have been no adult follow-up studies, it is projected that children who have ADD without hyperactivity may have different outcomes than the hyperactive group, who show more externalizing behavior problems associated with oppositional and conduct disorders.
Characteristics Of Adults With ADD
Adults who are living with the condition, and especially those who are undiagnosed and untreated, may be experiencing a number of problems, some of which stem directly from the disorder and others that are the result of associated adjustment patterns.
Current symptoms of an adult with ADHD may include:
The symptoms of ADHD can be variable and situational, or constant. Some people with ADHD can concentrate if they are interested or excited, while others have difficulty concentrating under any circumstances. Some avidly seek stimulation, while others avoid it. Some become oppositional, ill-behaved and, later, antisocial; others may become ardent people-pleasers. Some are outgoing, and other, withdrawn. Focused neurofeedback can help them to act more flexible with regard to these behavior styles.
Why Identify ADHD/ADD In Adults?
Identification of adults who have ADHD and appropriate management of their educational, personal, and social development improves their chances for a successful outcome. Effective intervention can improve self-esteem, work performance and skills, and educational achievement.
A proper diagnosis of ADHD can help an adult put his or her difficulties into perspective. These individuals have often developed low self-esteem and negative perceptions of themselves as a result of cumulative academic, social, and vocational failures. Many have been labeled as “having a bad attitude,” “a slow learner,” “lacking motivation”, “immature,” “lazy,” “spacey,” or “self-centered.” Rather than viewing their difficulties as the result of an inherited or acquired neurobiological disorder, many have come to accept the unsubstantiated belief that they themselves are to blame for their problems.
After the Diagnosis
The methods of treatment supported by professionals may include a combination of education for the adult and his or her family and close friends, educational/employment accommodations, medication (such as Ritalin, Concerta or Strattera), and counseling. Appropriate treatment is determined according to the severity of an individual’s disorder and the type and number of associated problems.
Many people with ADHD have benefited from a treatment plan that includes medication (such as Ritalin, Strattera and Concerta) and neurofeedback or EEG Biofeedback. Used in conjunction with education and counseling, it can provide a base from which adults can build new successes. The purpose of medication is to help the adult to help him or herself. It provides the biological support needed for self-control. As such, the individual is not “controlled” by medication; the efforts to succeed are his or her own. After quitting the medication, the symptoms will re-occur soon. Strattera resembles Ritalin, it works longer yet easily costs 6 euro per day. Neurofeedback, on the other hand, may lead to permanent improvement of functioning, due to learnde changes in brain activity.
Some tips that adults with ADHD/ADD have found to be useful include:
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Use internal structure. This includes using datebooks, lists, notes to oneself, colorcoding, routines, reminders and files.
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Choose “Good Addictions.” Select exercise or other healthy, favorite activities for a regular structured “blow-out” time.
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Set up a Rewarding Environment. Design projects, tasks, etc., to minimize or eliminate frustration. Break large tasks into smaller ones; prioritize.
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Use Time-outs. Take time to calm down and regain perspective when upset, overwhelmed or angry. Walk away from a situation if needed.
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Use Humor. It’s useful if partners and colleagues are constantly providing an aggressive push to help one stay on track as long as it’s done with humor and sensitivity. Learn to view symptoms of ADHD with humor and to joke with close friends and relatives about symptoms such as getting lost, forgetfulness, etc.
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Become Educated and an Educator. Read books. Talk to professionals about medication, neurofeedback, behavioral counseling. Talk to other adults who have ADHD. Let people who matter know about personal strengths and weaknesses related to ADHD. Be an advocate.
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